Xitoyda yangi energiya quvvati lityum batareyalari va infratuzilma qurilishining rivojlanish holati bo'yicha tahlil
In recent years, China's new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly. In 2017, my country's new energy vehicle production and sales exceeded 700,000, and the number of new energy vehicles has exceeded 1.8 million. In recent years, the production and sales are expected to reach 1 million. my country's electric vehicle-related technologies and supporting infrastructure construction have also achieved certain development, which is embodied in battery, power consumption, charging and other aspects.
Quvvat batareyasi texnologiyasi jadal rivojlanmoqda va kelajakda yo'q qilish yoki qo'shilish va sotib olish bosqichini boshlaydi
my country's electric vehicle power battery technology routes are divided into two types: lithium batteries and fuel cells. At present, lithium batteries are the main ones in China. Compared with foreign countries, the technical level of domestically developed lithium-ion battery cells is basically the same as that of foreign countries. my country's power battery shipments have already ranked among the international leaders, whether it is cathode materials, lithium iron phosphate, ternary, high electric manganese. and other materials are in an advantageous position.
Ma'lumotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, 2014 yildan 2017 yilgacha mening mamlakatimdagi quvvat akkumulyatorlarining umumiy ta'minoti barqaror ravishda oshib, 3,64 milliard Vt soatdan 37,06 milliard Vt soatgacha, asosan quvvat akkumulyatori ishlab chiqaruvchilari hisobiga nisbatan katta o'sishga erishdi. sonining ortishi.
In terms of policy support, relevant state departments have also shown great importance to the development of the power battery field, covering power battery industry specifications, power battery industry development, power battery standards, power battery recycling and other aspects. In 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Guidelines for the Development of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure (2015-2020)", which stated that by 2020, there will be more than 120,000 new centralized charging and swapping stations and more than 480 decentralized charging piles. To meet the charging demand of 5 million electric vehicles nationwide, the planned vehicle-to-pile ratio should be close to 1:1.
Shu bilan birga, mamlakatimizda ham tegishli xorijiy tajriba asosida bir qator rivojlanish rejalari ishlab chiqilgan. Reja shuni ko'rsatadiki, 2020 yilga kelib, batareya modullarining massa zichligi 300 Vt / kg dan oshadi va xarajatlar 1,5 yuan / Vt dan pastga tushadi.
Elektr batareyalarining rivojlanish tezligi hayratlanarli bo'lsa-da, aslida, 2017 yilda mening mamlakatimdagi quvvat akkumulyatorlariga bo'lgan umumiy talab 3,5 milliard WH dan kam bo'lishi mumkin, bu esa quvvat akkumulyatorlari bozori kelajakda ortiqcha quvvatlanish bosqichini boshlashini ko'rsatadi. Shu sababli, keyingi bosqichda Xitoy hukumati energiya akkumulyatori sanoatining sog'lom va muvofiqlashtirilgan rivojlanishiga rahbarlik qilish uchun rivojlanish strategiyasini moslashtirishi mumkin. Sanoatda uzoq vaqtdan beri yangi energiya vositalari uchun subsidiyalar pasayish bosqichiga kirganligi haqida xabarlar mavjud. Elektr akkumulyatori sanoati ham ta'sir qilishi shubhasiz.
Bundan tashqari, sanoat tuzilmasi nuqtai nazaridan, so'nggi ma'lumotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, 2018 yilning birinchi choragida quvvat lityum batareyalarining o'rnatilgan quvvati Ningde davrining yarmini tashkil etib, 49,5 foizni tashkil etdi; ikkinchisi BYD bo'lib, 19,8 foizni tashkil etadi; uchinchi uchtasi Guoxuan Hi-Tech 8,7 foizni tashkil etadi. Eng yaxshi uchta ishlab chiqaruvchi bozor ulushining katta qismini egallaydi, bu esa quvvat akkumulyatorlari bozorini yo'q qilish, qo'shilish va sotib olish bosqichini boshlashini ko'rsatish uchun etarli.
However, affected by the cost of new energy materials, the profits of my country's power battery industry are decreasing. Experts predict that the gross profit margin of power battery companies will drop from the current 30 percent to about 20 percent in 2018.
Infratuzilma qurilishini qo'llab-quvvatlash yaxshilanishda davom etmoqda, ammo talab mos kelmaydi
Elektr batareyalari bozorining rivojlanishi singari, yangi energiya vositalarini keng qo'llash to'liq energiya ta'minoti tizimini qurishni talab qiladi. Hozirgi vaqtda mamlakatimiz va xorijda energiya ta'minoti tizimi ikki rejimni o'z ichiga olgan holda yo'lga qo'yilgan: biri o'zini{0}}zaryatish rejimi, ikkinchisi esa quvvatni almashtirish-rejimi. Ular orasida oʻz-oʻzidan quvvat olish rejimi-koʻpgina mamlakatlarda olib borilayotgan tadqiqotlarning diqqat markazida.
Mamlakatimda zaryadlovchi qoziqlar qurilishi tez sur'atga kirdi, 2012 yilda 17 900 tadan 2017 yilda 213 000 gacha ko'tarildi, bu ma'lum miqyosni shakllantirdi va dunyoda birinchi o'rinni egalladi.
Shu bilan birga, rivojlanish jarayonida u ham muayyan muammolarga duch kelmoqda, ya'ni zaryadlash qoziqlaridan foydalanish samaradorligi past, zaryadlash moslamalarining joylashuvi etarlicha asosli emas va barqaror biznesning rivojlanish modeli hali shakllanmagan. Bundan tashqari, ba'zi hududlarda to'xtash joyi to'lovi zaryadlash to'lovidan qimmatroq va zaryadlovchi qoziq benzinli transport vositalari tomonidan ishg'ol qilinadi, natijada foydalanuvchi tajribasi yomon. Bundan tashqari, zaryadlovchi qoziqlar o'rtasidagi o'zaro bog'liqlik har doim sanoatning rivojlanishida og'riqli nuqta bo'lib kelgan, chunki u foydalanuvchilar tomonidan zaryadlovchi qoziqlarni qo'llashni o'z ichiga oladi va shuningdek, korxonalarga zaryadlovchi qoziqlarni yaxshiroq boshqarish imkonini beradi. Shu sababli, ushbu og'riqli nuqtaga javoban, ko'plab kompaniyalar o'zlarini bunga bag'ishlashni boshladilar, ammo natijalarga erisha olmadilar.
But there is no doubt that under the general trend of the development of new energy vehicles, the number of new energy vehicles continues to increase, people's demand for charging facilities will be stronger, and the construction of charging infrastructure will continue to improve in the future; at the same time, the government will also continue to play a role. In the future, with the improvement of Internet plus , Internet of Things, and big data technology, the future charging pile infrastructure will continue to deepen the degree of information openness, and ultimately achieve interconnection.
