Quvvatli lityum batareyani qayta ishlash kanallarini qurish muhim davrga kirdi, yuqori narx va zaif iqtisodiyot sanoatda og'riqli nuqtaga aylandi.
Yangi energiya avtomobil sanoati gullab-yashnamoqda va rivojlanayotgan bo'lsa-da, quvvat batareyasini qayta ishlash masalasi ham sanoatning diqqat markaziga aylandi. Bir necha yillik rivojlanishdan so'ng, yangi energiya vositalarini ommaviy ravishda yo'q qilish davri yaqinlashmoqda. Ko'p sonli nafaqaga chiqqan batareyalarni to'g'ri qayta ishlash va ishlatish mumkin bo'lmasa, bu nafaqat resurslarni isrof qilishiga olib keladi, balki atrof-muhitning ifloslanishi kabi muammolarni ham keltirib chiqaradi.
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
Sanoatning og'riqli nuqtalari: yuqori narx, zaif iqtisodiyot
Yangi energiya yo'lovchi transport vositalari uchun pensiya muddati odatda 5 yil, engil avtomobillar va tijorat transport vositalari uchun esa 3 yil. 2022 yilgacha iste'foga chiqqan batareyalarda lityum temir fosfatli batareyalar ustunlik qiladi. 2022 yildan so'ng, nafaqaga chiqqan uchlik batareyalar soni lityum temir fosfat bilan bir xil bo'ladi va asta-sekin ulardan oshib ketadi. 2018-yilda quvvat akkumulyatorlarining nazariy ishdan chiqarish quvvati 5,14 GVt/soatni tashkil etishi kutilmoqda va ishdan chiqarish manbai asosan yangi energiya avtobuslari hisoblanadi.
Muxbirning ma'lum qilishicha, tegishli korxonalarni joylashtirgan kompaniyalar asosan besh toifaga bo'lingan: an'anaviy qayta ishlash kompaniyalari, rivojlanayotgan qayta ishlash kompaniyalari, akkumulyator zavodlari, akkumulyator materiallari kompaniyalari va avtomobil ishlab chiqaruvchilari.
Har xil turdagi biznesning afzalliklari va kamchiliklari bor. Misol uchun, an'anaviy qayta ishlash kompaniyalari kanallarni qayta ishlash, materiallarni qayta ishlash texnologiyasi, batareyani maydalash texnologiyasi va eritish texnologiyasida nisbatan afzalliklarga ega, ammo o'zlarining quvvat batareyasi manbalari etishmasligi tufayli ular hali ham OEM va hurda zavodlari bilan hamkorlik qilishlari kerak. Rivojlanayotgan qayta ishlash kompaniyalarining afzalliklari asosan akkumulyatorlarni maydalash va demontaj qilish texnologiyalarida namoyon bo'ladi.
Hozirgi vaqtda chiqindi quvvat akkumulyatorlarini tozalash usullari asosan pirometallurgiya texnologiyasi va gidrometallurgiya texnologiyasini o'z ichiga oladi. Beijing Mining and Metallurgy Technology Group Co., Ltd.ning Metallurgiya tadqiqot va loyihalash instituti direktori Vang Xaybeyning aytishicha, mavjud texnologiyani eritish jarayoni juda murakkab va qiyin.
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
Davlat kompaniyalari muvaffaqiyatga erishish uchun kuchlarni birlashtiradi
Yuqoridagi muammolarga javoban, tegishli davlat idoralari energiya batareyalarini qayta ishlash sanoatini boshqarish va tartibga solish uchun bir qator sanoat siyosatlarini ishlab chiqdi.
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
Hisobotlarga ko'ra, nafaqaga chiqqan batareya baholashdan o'tgandan so'ng, kaskaddan foydalanish aloqasi energiya saqlash tizimiga umumiy iqtisodiyotni yaxshilash va lityum batareyalarning aylanish muddatini maksimal darajada oshirishga yordam berish uchun amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Hozirgi vaqtda ko'plab korxonalar kaskaddan foydalanishning ko'rgazmali loyihalarini amalga oshirdilar.
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
Sanoat zanjirini jilolash uchun -chuqur hamkorlik
Quvvatli batareyani qayta ishlash tizimi avtomobil kompaniyalari, akkumulyator ishlab chiqaruvchilari, akkumulyatorlarni qayta ishlash kompaniyalari va boshqalar kabi ko'plab manfaatdor tomonlarni o'z ichiga olganligi tushuniladi. Zanjir uzoq va haqiqiy ishlash jarayonida hali ham ko'p qiyinchiliklar mavjud.
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
Ma'lum qilinishicha, bir qator kompaniyalar ushbu moviy okeanda batareya quvvatini qayta ishlashni yo'lga qo'ygan:
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
2018 yil yanvar oyida China Tower korporatsiyasi va 16 ta kompaniya, shu jumladan Sound Group yangi energiyali avtomobil akkumulyatorlarini qayta ishlash bo'yicha strategik hamkorlik shartnomasini imzoladi. China Tower kompaniyasi sinovdan, saralashdan va qayta tashkil etilgandan so'ng, sof elektr avtobusidan chiqarilgan quvvat akkumulyatoridan aloqa baza stansiyasining energiya zaxirasi uchun qo'rg'oshin kislotali akkumulyatorini almashtirish uchun foydalanadi.
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
