Lityum batareyalarni qayta ishlash sanoati uchun imkoniyat davri keladi
The first batch of new energy vehicle power batteries put into the market in my country will soon usher in a centralized scrapping period. According to data released by market research institutions, in 2016, the scrapped power battery in my country was about 12,000 tons, and by 2020, this number is expected to surge to about 248,000 tons. The centralized "retirement" of used power batteries has brought a window of opportunity to the recycling industry.
However, it is not easy to realize this "benefit". Immature technology, non-standard processing, and inadequate supervision may erode development dividends. It is imperative to establish a mature and efficient recycling system.
"Scrap wave" brings opportunities for power battery recycling industry
The Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Commission announced that, in addition to retaining some non-pure electric vehicles as emergency transport capacity, all the city's franchised public transport vehicles have been fully electric. By 2020, Shenzhen will also achieve 100 percent electrification of taxis.
This is a microcosm of my country's move towards a big country in the production and sales of new energy vehicles. Since 2014, my country's new energy vehicle market has shown a rapid development trend. As of the end of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in the country reached 1.53 million.
However, another fact worthy of attention is that the on-board power battery will usher in a centralized scrapping period in the next few years. "Our analysis believes that after 2018, the scale of domestic retired power batteries will increase rapidly." said Bai Min, an assistant researcher at the International Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Chiqindili batareyalarni qayta ishlash katta ahamiyatga ega: bir tomondan, bu batareya xom ashyosini qayta ishlash darajasini yaxshilashi mumkin, boshqa tomondan, chiqindi quvvat akkumulyatorlarining odamlarga va atrof-muhitga etkazilishi mumkin bo'lgan zararidan qochishi mumkin. .
A person in charge of a new energy vehicle manufacturing company told reporters that, unlike lead-acid batteries that contain heavy metals and are toxic and harmful in the past, lithium batteries commonly used in new energy vehicles are relatively less harmful to the environment. Copper, cobalt, lithium and other metals in batteries have higher economic value. Under the regulation of the market mechanism, waste power batteries will be favored by recycling companies. "Lithium batteries are full of treasures, and I'm not afraid that no one will handle them."
"Economic accounts" cannot be simply calculated, beware that industrial opportunities become social problems
——Immature industrialization technology squeezes profit space. Zhang Changling, a senior engineer at China Automotive Technology Research Center, believes that at present, key technologies such as power battery retirement judgment standards and detection technology, residual value evaluation technology of batteries that can be used in cascade, automatic dismantling of single battery and material sorting technology are not mature enough. Battery recycling companies still use manual dismantling or traditional recycling processes. According to estimates, a power battery recycling enterprise using traditional technology, recycling 1 ton of waste lithium iron phosphate power battery is not only unprofitable, but may lose money.
- Lityum batareyalar bilan noto‘g‘ri ishlash portlash va ifloslanish xavfiga ega. Xitoy Fanlar akademiyasining Shenchjen ilg‘or texnologiyalar instituti ilmiy xodimi yordamchisi Chjan Chjeminning ta’kidlashicha, lityum batareyalar nisbatan ekologik toza, ammo bu ularni qayta ishlash jarayonida inson tanasi va atrof-muhitga zarar yetkazmaydi, degani emas. Batareya ma'lum darajada tugaganda yoki tashish paytida to'qnashuvdan keyin qisqa tutashuv paydo bo'lishi mumkin, bu batareyaning osongina portlashiga olib kelishi mumkin.
——The flow of some batteries lacks supervision, which can easily lead to "bad money drives out good money". Information from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shows that since 2015, China Tower Corporation has built 57 decommissioned battery cascade utilization test sites in 9 provinces and cities including Heilongjiang and Tianjin. Various usage scenarios such as backup power, peak shaving and valley filling, and microgrid. However, Bai Min reminded that some used power batteries may also flow to informal recycling companies. Through simple dismantling, these companies resell some of the batteries to users in other fields, such as low-speed electric vehicles and electric toy manufacturers.
Yetuk va samarali qayta ishlash tizimini yaratish zarur
First, speed up the formulation of more detailed and detailed industry standards. On December 1, 2017, the "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Dismantling Specifications" was implemented, and another important standard "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Utilization Residual Energy Testing" was also implemented on February 1, 2018. However, some details still haunt related companies, and experts have called for more detailed standards. Research shows that, taking the transportation of used batteries as an example, if the transportation is carried out according to the standard of hazardous waste, it will not only take a long time for approval for inter-provincial transportation, but also require special vehicles for transportation, and the cost will increase exponentially.
Ikkinchidan, professional qayta ishlash korxonalari ittifoqi qayta ishlash tarmog'ini yanada integratsiya qilish uchun etakchilik qiladi. Batareyani qayta ishlash iste'molchilar, dilerlar va avtomobil kompaniyalari kabi bir nechta aloqalarni o'z ichiga oladi va juda ko'p inson va moddiy resurslarni talab qiladi. Agar turli kompaniyalar o'zlarining qayta ishlash tizimlarini yaratsalar, bu qurilishning takrorlanishiga olib keladi va qayta ishlash samaradorligiga ta'sir qiladi. Chjan Zheming va Bai Min kabi mutaxassislar ishlab chiqaruvchilar kengaytirilgan mas'uliyatni o'z zimmalariga olishlari sababli, ular asosan chiqindi batareyalarni qayta ishlash va qayta ishlash bo'yicha professional korxonalarga tayanishlari va keng e'tirof etilgan uyushmalar va ittifoqlar boshchiligida milliy yagona qayta ishlash tarmog'ini yaratishni taklif qilishdi.
Uchinchidan, qoidabuzarliklar ustidan nazoratni kuchaytirish uchun batareya kodini kuzatish tizimini o'rnatish. Xitoy Geologiya universiteti (Pekin) Gumanitar fanlar, iqtisod va boshqaruv fakulteti dotsenti Ge Jianping imkon qadar tezroq quvvat akkumulyatorini kodlash uchun majburiy standartni o'rnatishni va quvvat batareyasi ma'lumotlar bazasini yaratishni taklif qildi. Sanoat va axborot texnologiyalari, sanoat va savdo va atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish bo'limlari qo'shma nazorat kuchini tashkil etishi va elektr batareyalarini noqonuniy ravishda qayta ishlaydigan va utilizatsiya qiluvchi kichik ustaxonalarni qat'iy jazolashi kerak.
