Nima uchun LED lampalar an'anaviy lampalardan kattaroq?
Mainly because of LED cooling technology. Heat dissipation is a major factor affecting the lighting intensity of LED lamps. The heat sink can solve the heat dissipation problem of low illumination LED lamps. A heat sink cannot solve the heat dissipation problem of 75W or 100W LED lamps. To achieve the desired lighting intensity, active cooling techniques must be used to account for the heat released by the LED luminaire components. Some active cooling solutions such as fans do not last as long as LED fixtures. In order to provide a practical active cooling solution for high-brightness LED luminaires, the cooling technology must be low energy consumption; suitable for small luminaires; and have a lifespan similar to or longer than the light source.
Umuman olganda, radiatordan issiqlikni olib tashlash usuliga ko'ra, radiatorlarni faol sovutish va passiv sovutishga bo'lish mumkin.
Passive heat dissipation means that the heat of the heat source LED light source is naturally dissipated into the air through the heat sink. The heat dissipation effect is proportional to the size of the heat sink, but because it dissipates heat naturally, the effect is of course greatly reduced. It is often used in those who do not require space. For example, some popular motherboards also use passive heat dissipation on the north bridge, and most of them use active heat dissipation. Active heat dissipation is forced through cooling devices such as fans. The heat emitted by the heat sink is taken away, which is characterized by high heat dissipation efficiency and small size of the device.
Faol sovutish havo sovutish, suyuq sovutish, issiqlik quvurlarini sovutish, yarimo'tkazgich sovutish, kimyoviy sovutish va boshqalarga bo'linishi mumkin. Havo{0}}sovutilgan havo-sovutilgan issiqlik tarqalishi eng keng tarqalgan issiqlik tarqalish usuli bo'lib, u ham nisbatan arzonroq usul hisoblanadi. Havoni sovutish, asosan, radiator tomonidan so'rilgan issiqlikni olib tashlash uchun fandan foydalanishdir. Bu nisbatan arzon narx va qulay o'rnatish afzalliklariga ega. Biroq, bu atrof-muhitga juda bog'liq. Misol uchun, harorat ko'tarilganda va overclocking, uning sovutish ishlashi katta ta'sir qiladi.
Hozirgi vaqtda LED lampalarining issiqlik tarqalishi asosan quyidagi usullarni o'z ichiga oladi:
1. Suyuqlik bilan sovutish
Suyuqlik{0}}sovutilgan issiqlik tarqalishi - bu nasos haydovchisi ostidagi radiatorning issiqligini olib tashlash uchun suyuqlikning majburiy aylanishi. Havo sovutilgan- bilan solishtirganda, u jimjitlik, barqaror sovutish va atrof-muhitga kamroq bog'liqlik kabi afzalliklarga ega. Suyuq sovutish narxi nisbatan yuqori va o'rnatish nisbatan muammoli. Shu bilan birga, eng yaxshi issiqlik tarqalish effektini olish uchun qo'llanmada ko'rsatilgan usulga muvofiq o'rnatishga harakat qiling. Narxlari va foydalanish qulayligi sababli, suyuqlik{2}}sovutilgan issiqlik tarqalishi odatda issiqlik tashuvchi suyuqlik sifatida suvdan foydalanadi, shuning uchun-suyuq sovutilgan radiatorlar odatda suv-sovutuvchi radiatorlar deb ataladi.
2. Issiqlik trubkasi
Issiqlik trubkasi bir turdagi issiqlik uzatish elementiga tegishli. Sovutgichning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi va tez issiqlik uzatish xususiyatidan to'liq foydalanadi. U to'liq yopiq vakuum trubkasidagi suyuqlikning bug'lanishi va kondensatsiyasi orqali issiqlikni uzatadi. U juda yuqori issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligiga va yaxshi izotermik ko'rsatkichlarga ega. Sovuq va issiq tomonlarning har ikki tomonida issiqlik uzatish maydoni o'zboshimchalik bilan o'zgarishi mumkin, uzoq{0}}masofali issiqlik uzatish, haroratni nazorat qilish va bir qator afzalliklarga ega va issiqlik quvurlaridan tashkil topgan issiqlik almashtirgich yuqori issiqlikning afzalliklariga ega. uzatish samaradorligi, ixcham tuzilish, past suyuqlik qarshiligini yo'qotish va boshqalar afzalligi. Uning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi har qanday ma'lum metalldan ancha yuqori.
3. Yarimo'tkazgichli sovutgich
Yarimo'tkazgichli sovutish - sovutish uchun energiya berilganda harorat farqini hosil qilish uchun maxsus yarimo'tkazgichli sovutish varag'idan foydalanish. Yuqori harorat tomonidagi issiqlik samarali tarzda tarqalishi mumkin ekan, past harorat tomoni doimiy ravishda sovutiladi. Har bir yarimo'tkazgich zarrachasida harorat farqi hosil bo'ladi va sovutgich plitasi ketma-ket o'nlab shunday zarralardan iborat bo'lib, sovutgich plitasining ikki yuzasi o'rtasida harorat farqini hosil qiladi. Ushbu harorat farqi hodisasidan foydalanib, yuqori haroratli uchini sovutish uchun havo sovutish / suvni sovutish bilan mukammal issiqlik tarqalish effektini olish mumkin. Yarimo'tkazgichli sovutgich past sovutish harorati va yuqori ishonchlilik afzalliklariga ega. Sovuq yuzaning harorati minus 10 darajadan past bo'lishi mumkin, ammo narxi juda yuqori va bu juda past harorat tufayli qisqa tutashuvga olib kelishi mumkin va yarimo'tkazgichli sovutishning hozirgi texnologiyasi etuk va etarli emas. amaliy.
4. Kimyoviy sovutish
The so-called chemical refrigeration is to use some ultra-low temperature chemicals, and use them to absorb a lot of heat when they melt to reduce the temperature. The use of dry ice and liquid nitrogen is more common in this regard. For example, the use of dry ice can reduce the temperature to below -20 degree , and some more 'perverted' players use liquid nitrogen to reduce the CPU temperature to below -100 degree (theoretically), of course, due to the high price and too short duration, this The method is more common in the laboratory or extreme overclocking enthusiasts.
Choice of heat dissipation material. Generally speaking, ordinary air-cooled radiators naturally choose metal as the material of the radiator. For the selected material, it is hoped that it has both high specific heat and high thermal conductivity. Silver and copper are the best thermally conductive materials, followed by gold and aluminum. But gold and silver are too expensive, so at present, heat sinks are mainly made of aluminum and copper. In comparison, both copper and aluminum alloys have their own advantages and disadvantages: copper has good thermal conductivity, but it is expensive, difficult to process, heavy, and the heat capacity of copper radiators is small, and it is easy to oxidize. . On the other hand, pure aluminum is too soft to be used directly. Only aluminum alloys are used to provide sufficient hardness. The advantages of aluminum alloys are low price and light weight, but the thermal conductivity is much worse than that of copper. Therefore, in the development history of radiators, the following materials have also appeared:
1. Sof alyuminiy issiqlik moslamasi
Sof alyuminiy radiator - dastlabki kunlarda eng keng tarqalgan radiator. Uning ishlab chiqarish jarayoni oddiy va narxi past. Hozirgacha sof alyuminiy radiator hali ham bozorning katta qismini egallaydi. Qanotlarining issiqlik tarqalish maydonini oshirish uchun sof alyuminiy radiatorlar uchun eng ko'p ishlatiladigan ishlov berish usuli alyuminiy ekstruziya texnologiyasidir va sof alyuminiy radiatorni baholashning asosiy ko'rsatkichlari radiator poydevorining qalinligi va PIN{{0} }}Fin nisbati. Pin issiqlik qabul qiluvchining qanotlarining balandligini, Fin esa ikkita qo'shni qanot orasidagi masofani bildiradi. Pin-Fin nisbati - bu Pinning balandligi (poydevor qalinligidan tashqari) Finga bo'lingan. Pin-Fin nisbati qanchalik katta bo'lsa, radiatorning samarali issiqlik tarqalish maydoni shunchalik katta bo'ladi va alyuminiy ekstruziya texnologiyasi shunchalik rivojlangan.
2. Sof mis issiqlik qabul qiluvchi
The thermal conductivity of copper is 1.69 times that of aluminum, so other things being equal, a pure copper heat sink can take heat away from the heat source faster. However, the texture of copper is a problem. Many advertised 'pure copper radiators' are not really 100 percent copper. In the list of copper, copper with a copper content of more than 99 percent is called acid-free copper, and the next grade of copper is Dan copper with a copper content of less than 85 percent . Most of the pure copper heat sinks on the market currently have a copper content between the two. The copper content of some inferior pure copper radiators is not even 85 percent . Although the cost is very low, its thermal conductivity is greatly reduced, which affects the heat dissipation. In addition, copper also has obvious shortcomings, such as high cost, difficult processing, and too much mass of the heat sink, which hinder the application of all-copper heat sinks. The hardness of red copper is not as good as that of aluminum alloy AL6063, and the performance of some mechanical processing (such as grooving) is not as good as that of aluminum; the melting point of copper is much higher than that of aluminum, which is not conducive to extrusion and other problems.
3. Mis{1}}alyuminiyni yopishtirish texnologiyasi
Mis va alyuminiyning tegishli kamchiliklarini ko'rib chiqqandan so'ng, bozordagi yuqori{0}}ba'zi yuqori darajadagi radiatorlar ko'pincha mis-alyuminiy kombinatsiyasini ishlab chiqarish jarayonlaridan foydalanadilar. Bu issiqlik qabul qiluvchilar odatda mis metall asoslardan foydalanadi, issiqlik qabul qiluvchi qanotlari esa alyuminiy qotishmasidan tayyorlanadi. Albatta, mis asosiga qo'shimcha ravishda, issiqlik batareyasi uchun mis ustunlarini ishlatish kabi usullar ham mavjud, bu ham xuddi shunday printsipdir. Yuqori issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi bilan mis pastki yuzasi protsessor tomonidan chiqarilgan issiqlikni tezda o'zlashtira oladi; alyuminiy qanotlari murakkab texnologik vositalar yordamida issiqlik tarqalishi uchun eng qulay shaklga keltirilishi mumkin va katta issiqlik saqlash joyini ta'minlaydi va uni tezda chiqaradi. Barcha jihatlarda muvozanat topildi.
LEDlarning yorug'lik samaradorligi va xizmat muddatini yaxshilash uchun LED mahsulotlarini issiqlik tarqalishi muammosini hal qilish ushbu bosqichda eng muhim masalalardan biridir. Shu sababli, yupqa{0}}plyonkali keramik issiqlikni- tarqatuvchi substratlarni tayyorlash uchun sariq yorug'lik litografiyasidan foydalanish LEDlarning yuqori quvvatga doimiy takomillashtirilishiga yordam beradigan muhim katalizatorlardan biriga aylanadi.
