Lityum batareyadan 10 baravar yuqori energiya zichligi? Porsche kremniy anodli akkumulyatorni yaratdi va uni 5 yil ichida-ommaviy ishlab chiqarishni rejalashtirmoqda
Spain's "Public" daily website recently reported that battery production is an important source of carbon emissions in the manufacturing process of electric vehicles, accounting for 25 percent to 40 percent of total emissions. More and more manufacturers are working to reduce emissions in this area, but Porsche wants to go further. The company is developing a battery with better performance and a smaller carbon footprint. Is this a perfect battery?
Porsche keyingi 10 yil ichida turli dekarbonizatsiya choralariga, jumladan, yig‘ish zavodlaridan karbonat angidrid chiqindilarini kamaytirishga qariyb 1 milliard yevro sarmoya kiritadi, deyiladi hisobotda. Porsche Taycan’ni Zuffenhauzenda (Shtutgart, Germaniya) ishlab chiqarish boshidanoq ugleroddan xoli bo‘ladi, biroq avtomobil qurish ishlab chiqarish liniyasidagi barcha qismlarni yig‘ishdan ko‘ra ko‘proq narsani talab qiladi.
Batareyalar elektr transport vositalarini ishlab chiqarishda emissiyaning muhim manbalaridan biridir. Ushbu havolada nikel va kobalt kabi xom ashyolarni batareyalarda ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan tozalangan mahsulotlarga aylantirishning bir nechta ishlab chiqarish bosqichlari juda katta energiya sarflaydi.
In a recent press conference, Benjamin Pasenberg, head of high-voltage systems at Porsche, said: "Having green energy is very important, especially in battery production, where it takes a lot of energy to heat things." However, using only Green (or low-emissions) energy sources to make batteries are not enough for Porsche (or other manufacturers) to meet their emissions targets. There is also a need to reimagine the battery itself to reduce the pollution that arises from battery manufacturing practices.
Shu maqsadda Porsche yangi akkumulyator ustida ishlamoqda. Aytilishicha, akkumulyator kuchliroq, tezroq zaryadlanadi va hozirgi batareyalarga qaraganda kichikroq uglerod iziga ega. Amaldagi texnologiya akkumulyator anodida bugungi kunda keng tarqalgan grafitdan ko'ra ko'proq kremniydan foydalanishdir.
According to Otmar Beecher, head of electric vehicles at Porsche, silicon anodes are 10 times more energy dense. Porsche expects 20 to 25 percent more watt-hours per liter of volume than today's conventional lithium-ion batteries. That is to say, under a certain energy capacity, the battery volume is smaller. The improved energy efficiency of batteries, in turn, means fewer batteries are needed to power the vehicle, which reduces overall weight (and also reduces the space required for the batteries).
Kamroq avtomobil og'irligi ham kam batareya iste'molini anglatadi, ammo atrof-muhitga ijobiy ta'sir qayerda? Birinchidan, bu yangi hujayraning dizayni silindrsimon hujayra konstruktsiyalariga nisbatan alyuminiy hujayra tuzilishi (uy-joy) uchun moddiy talablarni kamaytiradi. Alyuminiy ishlab chiqarish avtomobillar uchun uglerod emissiyasining muhim manbalaridan biridir. Volvo tomonidan o'tkazilgan so'nggi tadqiqotga ko'ra, alyuminiy zamonaviy avtomobil materiallarini ishlab chiqarishdan kelib chiqadigan chiqindilarning 30 foizini, hatto akkumulyatorning o'zidan ham ko'proq qismini tashkil qiladi. Shuning uchun alyuminiydan foydalanishni kamaytirish ham emissiyalarning katta qismini kamaytiradi. Hech qanday aniq ma'lumot berilmagan bo'lsa-da, Porsche batareya ham tezroq zaryadlanishini aytdi.
Boshqa tomondan, bunday batareyalarda kobalt miqdori kamayadi. Endi ma'lumki, kobaltni olish qiyin, juda qimmat va atrof-muhitga katta ta'sir ko'rsatadi. Kobalt hozirda Taycan akkumulyatorining katod materialining 20 foizini tashkil qiladi va Porsche o'zining yangi texnologiyasi kobalt ulushini atigi 5-10 foizgacha qisqartirishiga umid qilmoqda.
To further reduce emissions, Porsche will focus on the supply chain. The German company will source cobalt, nickel and other raw materials as much as possible from Europe, so that it will be closer to where the new batteries will be produced, near Porsche's research and development center in Weissach. According to the relevant person in charge of Porsche, purchasing cathode materials from Schwarzheide, Germany instead of my country can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 25 percent .
In addition, Porsche is pushing its suppliers to make batteries and other components entirely from renewable energy. The German carmaker said it would no longer consider long-term contracts with suppliers who were unwilling to use certified "green" energy. Porsche says the supply chain accounts for about 20 percent of the automaker's total greenhouse gas emissions. That will rise to around 40 percent by 2030 as production shifts to electric vehicles.
The big question is, when will we see this "ideal" Porsche battery in a road car? Like many other technologies in the automotive sector, it will be used first in racing cars, where high performance and fast charging capabilities are paramount. Otmar Beecher said: "Typically, we are 2 to 3 years away from the transition to production cars. So we will see it in production cars after 2025." Porsche expects to commercialize the high-performance battery within five years.
Ishlab chiqarish nuqtai nazaridan, maqsad 1,{2}} avtomobilni quvvatlantirish uchun yetarli bo‘lgan kamida yillik 100 MVt/soat ishlab chiqarishga erishishdir. Bu bizni dastlab u faqat ishlab chiqarish bo'lmagan{3}}modellari, ehtimol juda yuqori{4}}yuqori superkarlar uchun mo'ljallanganligiga ishonishimizga olib keladi.
Of course, it's not a perfect battery. The perfect battery charges in seconds, doesn't overheat or lose capacity over time, and is lightweight and inexpensive to produce. We'll probably never see a battery with all these features in one, but in the short to medium term, Porsche's battery is getting pretty close to -- at least in theory -- the ideal battery. (compiled / Li Zijian)
